So I read the Python tutorial on class, hoping to find the syntax of passing an object as a parameter to a function. I was surprised to read that there seems no such thing as passing an object by reference (using a pointer as reference, no new objects are created) or by value (make one copy each time). What is more confusing is that it is either one but both.
I find the tutorial very difficult, because it uses C++ and SmallTalk, or even Modula 3 terms. In last year I started with C, then C++, then C#, and I have already mixed up many things. So I gave up learning new ideas.
Instead, I just experiment passing object to a function by trial and error. It is OK to pass an spi object, as in Test 2. But there is a new problem. I can run either Test 1 or Test 2. If I run both, then the second one will not work. I guess it is because the spi object got confused.
It is not a big problem, because I can stick with passing by reference and use only one spi object.
# 13. Main program ************************************************************
StartProgram()
TestLcdMcp23017(registerBaseAddress = 0x20)
TestLcdMcp23008(registerBaseAddress = 0x21)
PrintDoubleSpaceLine("*** Start Test x ***")
TestRfm12bSet2Mhz()
WaitSeconds(2)
TestRfm12bSet1Mhz()
WaitSeconds(2)
PrintDoubleSpaceLine("*** Stop Test x ***")
Rfm12bTest2(spiChannelNumber = 0, spiDeviceNumber = 0)
Rfm12bTest1(spiChannelNumber = 0, spiDeviceNumber = 0)
StopProgram()
# *****************************************************************************
# End of Program
# *****************************************************************************
def OpenSpiChannel(spiObject, spiChannelNumber, spiDeviceNumber):
spiObject.open(spiChannelNumber, spiDeviceNumber)
def Rfm12bSendCommand1(spiChannelNumber, spiDeviceNumber, sendByteList):
rfm12bSpi = spidev.SpiDev()
rfm12bSpi.open(spiChannelNumber, spiDeviceNumber)
receiveByteList = rfm12bSpi.xfer2(sendByteList)
def Rfm12bSendCommand2(rfm12bSpi, sendByteList):
receiveByteList = rfm12bSpi.xfer2(sendByteList)
def Rfm12bTest1(spiChannelNumber, spiDeviceNumber):
PrintDoubleSpaceLine("*** Start Test 1 ***")
rfm12bSpi = spidev.SpiDev() # create spi object to entertain RFM12B
rfm12bSpi.open(0,0) # open sci channel 0 and select slave device 0
Rfm12bSendCommand1(spiChannelNumber, spiDeviceNumber, SetExternalMpuClockFrequency2Mhz)
WaitSeconds(2)
Rfm12bSendCommand1(spiChannelNumber, spiDeviceNumber, SetExternalMpuClockFrequency5Mhz)
WaitSeconds(2)
Rfm12bSendCommand1(spiChannelNumber, spiDeviceNumber, SetExternalMpuClockFrequency10Mhz)
WaitSeconds(2)
Rfm12bSendCommand1(spiChannelNumber, spiDeviceNumber, SetExternalMpuClockFrequency1Mhz)
WaitSeconds(2)
PrintDoubleSpaceLine("*** Stop Test 1 ***")
def Rfm12bTest2(spiChannelNumber, spiDeviceNumber):
PrintDoubleSpaceLine("*** Start Test 2 ***")
rfm12bSpi = spidev.SpiDev()
OpenSpiChannel(rfm12bSpi, spiChannelNumber, spiDeviceNumber)
Rfm12bSendCommand2(rfm12bSpi, SetExternalMpuClockFrequency2Mhz)
WaitSeconds(2)
Rfm12bSendCommand2(rfm12bSpi, SetExternalMpuClockFrequency5Mhz)
WaitSeconds(2)
Rfm12bSendCommand2(rfm12bSpi, SetExternalMpuClockFrequency10Mhz)
WaitSeconds(2)
Rfm12bSendCommand2(rfm12bSpi, SetExternalMpuClockFrequency1Mhz)
WaitSeconds(2)
PrintDoubleSpaceLine("*** Stop Test 2 ***")
# *****************************************************************************
# !/usr/bin/python2.7
#
# Hardware/Software
# FongLab Fpl4 - 2013feb
# Author
# tlfong01 <http://tlfong01.blogspot.hk/>
# Configuration
# Raspberry Pi Bv2 512MB, Raspbian Wheezy, Python 2.7.3, RPI.GPIO 0.4.1a,
# PythonWiringPi 1.0.5
# License
# GNU GPLv3
# Warranty
# For hobbist only. Use at your own risk. There is not any warranty.
# System development methodologies/Programming paradims
# Software prototyping, Test-driven (TDD), Iterative and incremental (IID),
# Agile/Functional Programming (FP), Object Oriented Programming (OOP).
# Specifications summary
# 5V0max 50mA, 3V3max 300mA, PerPinMax 17mA source 12mA sink
# References
# IO Expander
# 1. Mcirochip Application Notes AN1043 (GPIO Expander)
# Matrix keypad
# 2. Microchip Application Notes AN1081 (Matrix Keypad)
# LCD1602
# 3. ShenZhen YaJingDa Electronics YJD1602A-1 datasheet (2007-09-08)
# 4. PowerTip PC-1602F datasheet (11/10/2004)
# 5. Sitronix ST7066U Dot Matrix LCD Controller/Driver datasheet (01/03/01)
# Raspberry Pi communities
# eLinux - http://elinux.org/RPi_Community
# element14 - http://www.element14.com/community/groups/raspberry-pi
# *****************************************************************************
# 0. Contents ******************************************************************
#
# 1. Program title
# 2. Python imports
# 3. RPi GPIO pin assignment, MCP230xx register base assignment
# 4. Global constants
# 5. GPIO Functions
# 6. Debugging and documentation functions (beep, print bit/byte, message)
# 7. IO Expander Mcp23008, Mcp23017
# 8. Decimal keypad
# 9. LCD - LCD1602. LCD2004
# 10. Stepping motor - unlpolar steppers 28BYJ48/NPM-PF35/PX245
# 11. Demultiplexor
# 12. Old test functions
# 13. Main program
# 1. Program Title ************************************************************
ProgramTitle1 = "SPI437 20130224a"
ProgramTitle2 = "FPL437 20130224a"
# 2 Python imports ***********************************************************
import sys
import time
import select
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import smbus
import spidev
smBus1 = smbus.SMBus(1)
# 3. GPIO and IO Expander pin/address assignments *****************************
I2cBaseAddress0 = 0x20
I2cBaseAddress1 = 0x21
I2cBaseAddress2 = 0x22
I2cBaseAddress3 = 0x23
I2cBaseAddress4 = 0x24
I2cBaseAddress5 = 0x25
I2cBaseAddress6 = 0x26
I2cBaseAddress7 = 0x27
# System A I2C base address assignment *
Mcp23017BaseAddress1 = 0x22 # LED, button
Mcp23008BaseAddress1 = 0x24 # stepping motors
Mcp23008BaseAddress2 = 0x25 # keypad
Mcp23008BaseAddress3 = 0x26 # LCD1602
# System B I2C base address assignment *
Mcp23017BaseAddressSystemB1 = 0x20
Mcp23008BaseAddressSystemB1 = 0x21
Mcp23008BaseAddressSystemB1 = 0x21
# * GPIO pin numbering *
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD) # Use RPi GPIO numbering, Not BCM numbering
# GPIO.setwarnings(False) # Disable linux's "pin already in use warning" !!! DO NOT DISABLE !!!
# * RPi GPIO pin numbering *
# P1-02 5V, P1-04 5V, P1-06 Gnd
# P1-01 3V3, P1-03 I2C SDA1, P1-05 I2C SCL1
# P1-08 UART TxD (Mcp23017 Reset)
# P1-10 UART RxD (Mcp23017 INTB)
# P1-12 RPi GPIO_GEN1 (BCM18) LED (P1-12 > LED > 330R > Gnd)
# P1-14 Gnd
# P1-16 GPIO_GEN4 - Buzzer, 3V3 5mA (P1-16 > Buzzer > Gnd)
# P1-18 GPIO_GEN5 Button (3V3 > 10K > Contact 1/2 > 330R > Gnd)
# P1-20 Gnd
# P1-22 GPIO_GEN6 - Mcp23008 INT / Mcp23017 INTA
RPiGPIOgen1 = 12 # Brown (P1-12, BCM GPIO 18) LED
RPiGPIOgen4 = 16 # Yellow (P1-16, BCM GPIO 23) Buzzer
RPiGPIOgen5 = 18 # Green (P1-18, BCM GPIO 24) Button
RPiGPIOgen6 = 22 # Blue (P1-22, BCM GPIO 25) IOx/keypad interrupt
RPiTxD = 8 # Orange (P1-08) UART TxD
RPiRxD = 10 # Yellow (P1-10) UART RxD
# * SCI GPIO pins *
RpiGpioGen10 = 19 # SPI_MOSI
RpiGpioGen9 = 21 # SPI_MISO
RpiGpioGen11 = 23 # SPI_SCLK
RpiGpioGen8 = 24 # SPI_CE0_N
RpiGpioGen7 = 26 # SPI_CE1_N
SpiClockPin = RpiGpioGen11
SpiMosiPin = RpiGpioGen10
SpiMisoPin = RpiGpioGen9
SpiSelect0Pin = RpiGpioGen8
SpiSelect1Pin = RpiGpioGen7
# * peripherals pins assignment *
LEDpin = RPiGPIOgen1
BuzzerPin = RPiGPIOgen4
ButtonPin = RPiGPIOgen5
TxDpin = RPiTxD
RxDpin = RPiRxD
# * GPIO input/output pins list *
#OutputPinList = [LEDpin, BuzzerPin, TxDpin, SpiClockPin, SpiMosiPin, SpiSelect0Pin, SpiSelect1Pin]
#InputPinWithPullUpList = [ButtonPin, RxDpin, RPiGPIOgen6, SpiMisoPin]
OutputPinList = [LEDpin, BuzzerPin, TxDpin]
InputPinWithPullUpList = [ButtonPin, RxDpin, RPiGPIOgen6]
InputPinWithNoPullUpList = []
# 4. Global constants *********************************************************
# * Loop counters *
TwoTimes = 2
FourTimes = 4
EightTimes = 8
TenTimes = 10
TwentyTimes = 20
FiftyTimes = 50
OneHundredTimes = 100
TwoHundredTimess = 200
FourHundredTimes = 400
# * Elapse times *
TwentyMilliSeconds = 0.02
FiftyMilliSeconds = 0.05
OneHundredMilliSeconds = 0.1
TwoHundredMilliSeconds = 0.2
TenthSecond = 0.1
QuarterSecond = 0.25
HalfSecond = 0.5
OneSecond = 1
OneAndHalfSeconds = 1.5
TwoSeconds = 2
# * On/Off times *
OnTime = TenthSecond
OffTime = QuarterSecond
ButtonDebouncingTime = QuarterSecond
TestTime = FiftyMilliSeconds
OnTime = 0.1
OffTime = 0.25
# 5. GPIO Functions ***********************************************************
# * Local constants *
# * Nibble naming *
LowNibble = 0
HighNibble = 1
BothNibble = 2 # full byte of 8 bits
# * Nibble constants *
HighNibble1LowNibble0 = 0xf0
HighNibble0LowNibble1 = 0x0f
# * LED and buzzer states *
Off = False
On = True
# * Button states *
ButtonPressed = False
ButonReleased = True
# * Interrupt states *
Low = False
High = True
# * Setup, read/write GPIO pins *
setupOutputPin = lambda oPin: GPIO.setup(oPin, GPIO.OUT) # set GPIO pin as output
setupInputPinWithNoPullUp = lambda iPin: GPIO.setup(iPin, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_OFF) # set GPIO pin as input, no pull up
setupInputPinWithPullUp = lambda iPin: GPIO.setup(iPin, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP) # set GPIO pin as input, with pull up
writeOutputPin = lambda oPin, oValue: GPIO.output(oPin, oValue) # write value to output pin
setupWriteOutputPin = lambda oPin, oValue: (setupOutputPin(oPin), writeOutputPin(oPin, oValue)) # set and write
readInputPin = lambda iPin: GPIO.input(ButtonPin) # read value from input pin
def SetupGPIOpins(outputPinList, inputPinWithNoPullUpList, inputPinWithPullUpList): # set up GPIO pins in InputPinList and OutputPinList
for oPin in outputPinList:
setupWriteOutputPin(oPin, Off)
for iPin in inputPinWithNoPullUpList:
setupInputPinWithNoPullUp(iPin)
for iPin in inputPinWithPullUpList:
setupInputPinWithPullUp(iPin)
def SetupGPIO(): # set up GPIO pins
SetupGPIOpins(OutputPinList, InputPinWithNoPullUpList, InputPinWithPullUpList )
def CleanUpGpio(): #
GPIO.cleanup()
# * pulse/echo/toggle functions *
def pulsePin(oPin, onTime, offTime): # blink LED or beep buzzer
writeOutputPin(oPin, On)
time.sleep(onTime)
writeOutputPin(oPin, Off)
time.sleep(offTime)
def echoPin(iPin, oPin): # echo input pin to output pin, e.g. button to LED or buzzer
while True:
if readInputPin(iPin) == ButonReleased:
pass
else:
pulsePin(oPin, OnTime, OffTime)
break
continue
def togglePin(oPin, toggleTime): # toggle pin
writeOutputPin(oPin, On)
time.sleep(toggleTime)
writeOutputPin(oPin, Off)
time.sleep(toggleTime)
# * Test Buzzer, LED, Button *
def TestBuzzer(): # beep 4 times
SetupGPIO()
for i in range (FourTimes):
pulsePin(BuzzerPin, OnTime, OffTime)
def TestLED(): # blink 4 times
SetupGPIO()
for i in range (FourTimes):
pulsePin(LEDpin, OnTime, OffTime)
def TestButtonEchoBuzzer(): #
SetupGPIO()
print "\n", "Press button 4 times.", "\n"
for i in range (FourTimes):
echoPin(ButtonPin, BuzzerPin)
def TestButtonEchoTxD(): #
SetupGPIO()
print "\n", "Press button 4 times.", "\n"
for i in range (FourTimes):
echoPin(ButtonPin, TxDpin)
def TestButtonEchoRxD(): #
SetupGPIO()
print "\n", "Press button 4 times.", "\n"
for i in range (FourTimes):
echoPin(ButtonPin, RxDpin)
def TestRxdEchoTxD(): #
SetupGPIO()
print "\n", "RxD Echo TxD - Press button 4 times.", "\n"
for i in range (FourTimes):
echoPin(RxDpin, TxDpin)
def TestButtonEchoLED(): #
SetupGPIO()
print "\n", "Press button 4 times.", "\n"
for i in range (FourTimes):
echoPin(ButtonPin, LEDpin)
def TestTxDpin(): # blink 4 times
SetupGPIO()
for i in range (FourTimes):
pulsePin(TxDpin, OnTime, OffTime)
def TestRxDpin(): # blink 4 times
SetupGPIO()
for i in range (FourTimes):
pulsePin(RxDpin, OnTime, OffTime)
def TestTxDpinRxDpin1(): # blink, read 4 times
SetupGPIO()
for i in range (FourTimes):
writeOutputPin(TxDpin, On)
if readInputPin(RxDpin) == High:
print "RxD input = High"
else:
print "RxD input = Low"
time.sleep(1)
writeOutputPin(TxDpin, Off)
if readInputPin(RxDpin) == High:
print "RxD input = High"
else:
print "RxD input = Low"
time.sleep(1)
def TestTxDpinRxDpin2(): #
SetupGPIO()
print "\n", "Short to Ground RxDpin 4 times.", "\n"
for i in range (FourTimes):
echoPin(RxDpin, TxDpin)
# GPIO Interrupt function !!! not yet tested !!!
def TestInterruptPinFallingEdgeDetection(): # !!! Not tested !!!
GPIO.cleanup() # set all input pins no pull up, disable all interutp detection setting
SetupGPIO()
GPIO.set_low_event(InterruptPin) # set up low level detection
for i in range(30):
if GPIO.event_detected(InterruptPin):
break
else:
print "No interrupt detected.", i
time.sleep(1)
continue
GPIO.set_low_event(InterruptPin, enable = False) # disable detection
print "End of test, or interrupt detected"
# 5. Debugging and documentation functions ************************************
# * Data bit processing and printing *
def SetDataBit(dataByte, bitIndex):
setDataByte = 0x01 << bitIndex
dataByte = dataByte | setDataByte
return dataByte
def ResetDataBit(dataByte, bitIndex):
resetDataByte = ~(0x01 << bitIndex)
dataByte = dataByte & resetDataByte
return dataByte
def ConvertIntegerToFourBitPattern(integer):
FourBitPattern = [""]
for k in range(4):
FourBitPattern = [i+j for i in ['0','1'] for j in FourBitPattern]
return FourBitPattern[integer]
def ConvertIntegerToEightPattern(integer):
EightBitPattern = [""]
for k in range(8):
EightBitPattern = [i+j for i in ['0','1'] for j in EightBitPattern]
return EightBitPattern[integer]
def PrintEightBitPattern(message, dataByte):
eightBitPattern = ConvertIntegerToEightPattern(dataByte)
print message, eightBitPattern
def PrintFourBitPattern(message, dataByte):
fourBitPattern = ConvertIntegerToFourBitPattern(dataByte)
print message, fourBitPattern
def Beep(count):
for i in range(count):
pulsePin(BuzzerPin, OnTime, OffTime)
def StartBeep():
Beep(2)
time.sleep(1)
def StopBeep():
Beep(2)
def OneBeep():
Beep(1)
def FourBeeps():
Beep(4)
def StartProgram():
message = "\n" + "*** Start Program - " + ProgramTitle1 + " ***" + "\n"
CleanUpGpio()
SetupGPIO()
StartBeep()
print message
def StopProgram():
StopBeep()
print "\n" + "*** Resetting GPIO input, no pull up/down, no event detect. ***" + "\n"
CleanUpGpio()
print "\n" + "*** Stop Program ***" + "\n"
# *****************************************************************************
# *****************************************************************************
# *****************************************************************************
# *****************************************************************************
# *****************************************************************************
# 7. IO Expander Mcp23008, Mcp23017 *******************************************
# * Local constants *
# * Port type *
PortA = 0
PortB = 1
# * Mcp23008/Mcp23017 register address offsets index Bank 0 *
InputOutputDirection = 0
InputPolarity = 1
InterruptEnable = 2
DefaultValue = 3
CompareMode = 4
BankInterruptPinMode = 5
PullUp = 6
InterruptFlag = 7
InterruptCapture = 8
PortStatus = 9
OutputLatch = 10
# * Data constant bytes *
AllOutputByte = 0x00
AllInputByte = 0xff
AllHighByte = 0xff
AllLowByte = 0x00
AllPullUpByte = 0xff
# * Direction setting bytes *
HalfHighHalfLow = 0xf0
HalfLowHalfHigh = 0x0f
Nibble1HighNibble2Low = 0xf0
Nibble1LowNibble2High = 0x0f
HighNibbleInputLowNibbleOutput = 0xf0
# * Mcp23008/Mcp23017 Bank0/Bank1 register address offset arrays *
Mcp23008RegisterAddressOffsetArray = [0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0a]
RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0 = [0x00, 0x02, 0x04, 0x06, 0x08, 0x0a, 0x0c, 0x0e, 0x10, 0x12, 0x14,
0x01, 0x03, 0x05, 0x07, 0x09, 0x0b, 0x1d, 0x0f, 0x11, 0x13, 0x15]
# *****************************************************************************
# *****************************************************************************
# *****************************************************************************
# *****************************************************************************
# *****************************************************************************
# * Mcp23008 Functions *
def SetupPortAllOutputMcp23008(registerBaseAddress):
WriteDataByteMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, InputOutputDirection, AllOutputByte)
def SetupPortAllInputMcp23008(registerBaseAddress):
WriteDataByteMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, InputOutputDirection, AllInputByte)
def WriteDataByteMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataRegisterIndex, dataByte):
addressOffset = Mcp23008RegisterAddressOffsetArray[dataRegisterIndex]
smBus1.write_byte_data(registerBaseAddress, addressOffset, dataByte)
def ReadDataByteMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataRegisterIndex):
addressOffset = Mcp23008RegisterAddressOffsetArray[dataRegisterIndex]
dataByte = smBus1.read_byte_data(registerBaseAddress, addressOffset)
return dataByte
def WriteDataBitMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataRegisterIndex, bitNumber, dataBit):
addressOffset = Mcp23008RegisterAddressOffsetArray[dataRegisterIndex + 11]
dataByte = smBus1.read_byte_data(registerBaseAddress, addressOffset)
bitMask = 0x01 << bitNumber
if (dataBit == 1):
dataByte = dataByte | bitMask
else:
dataByte = dataByte & (~bitMask)
smBus1.write_byte_data(registerBaseAddress, addressOffset, dataByte)
def ToggleGpMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, toggleTime, toggleCount):
SetupMcp23008PortAllOutput(registerBaseAddress)
for i in range(toggleCount):
WriteDataByteMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, OutputLatch, AllHighByte)
time.sleep(toggleTime)
WriteDataByteMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, OutputLatch, AllLowByte)
time.sleep(toggleTime)
def ReadGpMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, count):
SetupMcp23008PortAllInput(registerBaseAddress)
for i in range(count):
dataByte = ReadDataByteMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, PortStatus)
PrintEightBitPattern("Data byte read = ", dataByte)
time.sleep(1)
# *****************************************************************************
# *****************************************************************************
# *****************************************************************************
# *****************************************************************************
# *****************************************************************************
# * Mcp23017 Functions *
def SetupMcp23017BothPortAllOutput(registerBaseAddress):
WriteDataByte(registerBaseAddress, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, InputOutputDirection, PortA, AllOutputByte)
WriteDataByte(registerBaseAddress, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, InputOutputDirection, PortB, AllOutputByte)
def SetupPortAoutputPortBinputPullUpMcp23017(registerBaseAddress):
WriteDataByte(registerBaseAddress, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, InputOutputDirection, PortA, AllOutputByte)
WriteDataByte(registerBaseAddress, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, InputOutputDirection, PortB, AllInputByte)
WriteDataByte(registerBaseAddress, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, PullUp, PortB, AllPullUpByte)
def WriteDataByte(registerBaseAddress, registerAddressArray, dataRegisterIndex, portType, dataByte):
if (portType == PortA) | (portType == PortA):
addressOffset = registerAddressArray[dataRegisterIndex]
if (portType == PortB):
addressOffset = registerAddressArray[dataRegisterIndex + 11]
smBus1.write_byte_data(registerBaseAddress, addressOffset, dataByte)
def WriteDataBit(registerBaseAddress, registerAddressArray, dataRegisterIndex, portType, bitNumber, dataBit):
if (portType == PortA) | (portType == PortA):
addressOffset = registerAddressArray[dataRegisterIndex]
if (portType == PortB):
addressOffset = registerAddressArray[dataRegisterIndex + 11]
dataByte = smBus1.read_byte_data(registerBaseAddress, addressOffset)
bitMask = 0x01 << bitNumber
if (dataBit == 1):
dataByte = dataByte | bitMask
else:
dataByte = dataByte & (~bitMask)
smBus1.write_byte_data(registerBaseAddress, addressOffset, dataByte)
def ReadDataByte(registerBaseAddress, registerAddressArray, dataRegisterIndex, portType):
if (portType == PortA):
addressOffset = registerAddressArray[dataRegisterIndex]
if (portType == PortB):
addressOffset = registerAddressArray[dataRegisterIndex + 11]
dataByte = smBus1.read_byte_data(registerBaseAddress, addressOffset)
return dataByte
def ReadDataBit(registerBaseAddress, registerAddressArray, dataRegisterIndex, portType, bitNumber):
if (portType == PortA):
addressOffset = registerAddressArray[dataRegisterIndex]
if (portType == PortB):
addressOffset = registerAddressArray[dataRegisterIndex + 11]
dataByte = smBus1.read_byte_data(registerBaseAddress, addressOffset)
bitMask = 0x01 << bitNumber
dataByte = dataByte & bitMask
if (dataByte == 0):
dataBit = 0
else:
dataBit = 1
return dataBit
def ReadUpperNibble(registerBaseAddress, registerAddressArray, dataRegisterIndex, portType):
dataByte = ReadDataByte(registerBaseAddress, registerAddressArray, dataRegisterIndex, portType)
upperNibble = dataByte >> 4
return upperNibble
def ReadLowerNibble(registerBaseAddress, registerAddressArray, dataRegisterIndex, portType):
dataByte = ReadDataByte(registerBaseAddress, registerAddressArray, dataRegisterIndex, portType)
lowerNibble = dataByte & 0x0f
return lowerNibble
# * Config interrupts *
def EnableInterruptOnChangeHighNibble(registerBaseAddress):
EnableInterruptHighNibble = 0xf0
WriteDataByte(registerBaseAddress, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, InterruptEnable, PortA, EnableInterruptHighNibble)
def DisableInterruptOnChangeHighNibble(registerBaseAddress):
DisableInterruptHighNibble = 0x00
WriteDataByte(registerBaseAddress, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, InterruptEnable, PortA, DisableInterruptHighNibble)
def SetInterruptOnChangeDefaultHighNibble(registerBaseAddress):
DefaultValueByte = 0xf0
WriteDataByte(registerBaseAddress, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, InterruptOnChangeDefaultValue, PortA, DefaultValueByte)
def SetInterruptOnChangeCompareDefaultHighNibble(registerBaseAddress):
InterruptOnChangeDefaultValueHighNibble = 0xf0 # GP4~7 change from default value will cause interrupt
WriteDataByte(registerBaseAddress, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, CompareMode, PortA, InterruptOnChangeDefaultValueHighNibble)
def SetInterruptOutputPushPull(registerBaseAddress): # interrupt pin open drain, no auto add inc, no slew rate
PushPull = 0b00111010 # 0x32, seq/slew disabled, interrupt output drive drive (push pull) active High
WriteDataByte(registerBaseAddress, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, PushPullOpenDrain, PortA, PushPull)
def SetInterruptOutputOpenDrain(registerBaseAddress): # interrupt pin open drain, no auto add inc, no slew rate
OpenDrain = 0b00111000 # 0x34, seq/slew disabled, interrupt output open drain (don't care active High or Low)
WriteDataByte(registerBaseAddress, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, PushPullOpenDrain, PortA, OpenDrain)
# * Poll interrupts *
def ReadInterruptFlagHighNibble(registerBaseAddress):
interruptFlagByte = ReadDataByte(registerBaseAddress, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, InterruptFlag, PortA)
interruptFlagNbble = interruptFlagByte >> 4
return interruptFlagNibble
def ReadInterruptCaptureHighNibble(registerBaseAddress):
interruptCaptureByte = ReadDataByte(registerBaseAddress, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, InterruptCapture, PortA)
interruptCaptureNibble = interruptCaptureByte >> 4
return interruptCaptureNibble
def ReadInterruptCaptureLowNibble(registerBaseAddress):
interruptCaptureByte = ReadDataByte(registerBaseAddress, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, InterruptCapture, PortB)
interruptCaptureNibble = interruptCaptureByte & 0x0f
return interruptCaptureNibble
def DetectOneInterrupt(registerBaseAddress): # !!! NOT tested !!!
interruptFlagNibble = ReadInterruptFlagHighNibble(registerBaseAddress)
interruptCaptureNibble = ReadInterruptCaptureHighNibble(registerBaseAddress)
print "Interrupt capture high nibble = ", ConvertIntegerToFourBitPattern(interruptCaptureNibble)
print "Interrupt capture high nibble = ", ConvertIntegerToFourBitPattern(interruptCaptureNibble)
ClearInterruptOnChangeHighNibble(registerBaseAddress) # !!! clear interrupt !!!
time.sleep(2)
# * Test port toggling, poll interrupts *
def ToggleMcp23017GP(registerBaseAddress, toggleTime, toggleCount):
SetupMcp23017BothPortAllOutput(registerBaseAddress)
for i in range(toggleCount):
WriteDataByte(registerBaseAddress, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, OutputLatch, PortA, AllHighByte)
WriteDataByte(registerBaseAddress, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, OutputLatch, PortB, AllHighByte)
time.sleep(toggleTime)
WriteDataByte(registerBaseAddress, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, OutputLatch, PortA, AllLowByte)
WriteDataByte(registerBaseAddress, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, OutputLatch, PortB, AllLowByte)
time.sleep(toggleTime)
def ToggleMcp23017B1(registerBaseAddress, toggleTime, toggleCount):
SetupMcp23017BothPortAllOutput(registerBaseAddress)
for i in range(toggleCount):
WriteDataByte(registerBaseAddress, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, OutputLatch, PortA, AllHighByte)
WriteDataByte(registerBaseAddress, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, OutputLatch, PortB, AllHighByte)
time.sleep(toggleTime)
WriteDataByte(registerBaseAddress, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, OutputLatch, PortA, AllLowByte)
WriteDataByte(registerBaseAddress, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, OutputLatch, PortB, AllLowByte)
time.sleep(toggleTime)
def TestToggleMcp23017GP():
ToggleMcp23008GP(Mcp23017BaseAddress1, ToggleTime, ToggleCount)
def TestDetectInterrupt(count): # !!! NOT Tested !!!
RegisterBaseAddress = Mcp23008BaseAddress2
SetupKeypadInterruptHighNibbleCompareDefaultValueOpenDrainOutput(RegisterBaseAddress)
for i in range(count):
DetectOneInterrupt(RegisterBaseAddress)
# *****************************************************************************
# *****************************************************************************
# *****************************************************************************
# *****************************************************************************
# *****************************************************************************
# * System B test functions *
def TestToggleMcp23017SystemB1(count):
ToggleTime = 0.5
ToggleCount = 4
registerBaseAddress = Mcp23017BaseAddressSystemB1
SetupPortAoutputPortBinputPullUpMcp23017(registerBaseAddress)
for i in range(count):
WriteDataByte(registerBaseAddress, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, OutputLatch, PortA, AllHighByte)
time.sleep(ToggleTime)
WriteDataByte(registerBaseAddress, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, OutputLatch, PortA, AllLowByte)
time.sleep(ToggleTime)
def TestReadMcp23017SystemB1(count):
registerBaseAddress = Mcp23017BaseAddressSystemB1
SetupPortAoutputPortBinputPullUpMcp23017(registerBaseAddress)
for i in range(count):
dataByte = ReadDataByte(Mcp23017BaseAddressSystemB1, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, PortStatus, PortB)
PrintEightBitPattern("Data byte read = ", dataByte)
time.sleep(1)
def TestBlinkMcp23017SystemB1GPIObit(bitNumber, onTime, offTime, count) :
registerBaseAddress = Mcp23017BaseAddressSystemB1
SetupPortAoutputPortBinputPullUpMcp23017(registerBaseAddress)
for i in range(count):
WriteDataBit(registerBaseAddress, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, OutputLatch, PortA, bitNumber, High)
time.sleep(onTime)
WriteDataBit(registerBaseAddress, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, OutputLatch, PortA, bitNumber, Low)
time.sleep(offTime)
def TestReadMcp23017SystemB1GPIObit(bitNumber, count):
registerBaseAddress = Mcp23017BaseAddressSystemB1
SetupPortAoutputPortBinputPullUpMcp23017(registerBaseAddress)
for i in range(count):
dataBit = ReadDataBit(registerBaseAddress, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, PortStatus, PortB, bitNumber)
if (dataBit == High):
print "Data bit is High"
else:
print "Data bit is Low"
time.sleep(1)
#******************************************************************************
#******************************************************************************
#******************************************************************************
#******************************************************************************
#******************************************************************************
# 8. Decimal keypad ***********************************************************
# * Decimal keypad using Mcp23017 v4.17 2013feb15 *
# * Configuration *
# Mcp23017 GPIO direction - Port A = output, Port B = input
# Keypad pin assignment - GPA0~A2 = Col0~2, GPB0~B3 = Row0~3
KeypadInterruptPinMcp23017 = RPiGPIOgen6
# * Local constants *
RegisterBaseAddress = 0x20
OutputLatchRegisterResetValue = 0x00
PortStatusRegisterResetValue = 0x00
InterruptCaptureRegisterResetValue = 0x00
InterruptFlagRegisterResetValue = 0x00
# * Polling modes *
NoPollJustGetKeyEverySecond = 0
PollRowStatusNibble = 1
PollMcp23017Interrupt = 2
# * Setup keypad *
def SetupKeypadMcp017(registerBaseAddress):
SetupPortAoutputPortBinputPullUpMcp23017(registerBaseAddress)
SetupKeypadInterruptMcp23017(registerBaseAddress) # buggy !!!!!!!!!!
ClearKeypadInterruptMcp23017(registerBaseAddress)
WriteKeypadColumnsAllLowMcp23017(registerBaseAddress)
# * Setup/Clear/Check keypad interrupt *
def SetupKeypadInterruptMcp23017(registerBaseAddress):
SetKeypadInterruptEnableMcp23017(registerBaseAddress)
SetKeypadDefaultValueMcp23017(registerBaseAddress)
SetKeypadEnableCompareDefaultValueMcp23017(registerBaseAddress)
SetKeypadBankInterruptDriverModeMcp23017(registerBaseAddress)
def SetKeypadInterruptEnableMcp23017(registerBaseAddress):
EnableInterruptLowNibble = 0x0f
WriteDataByte(registerBaseAddress, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, InterruptEnable, PortB, EnableInterruptLowNibble)
def SetKeypadInterruptDisableMcp23017(registerBaseAddress):
DisableInterruptByte = 0x00
WriteDataByte(registerBaseAddress, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, InterruptEnable, PortB, DisableInterruptByte)
def SetKeypadDefaultValueMcp23017(registerBaseAddress):
DefaultValueByte = 0x0f # row status nibble is all bits high if no key pressed
WriteDataByte(registerBaseAddress, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, DefaultValue, PortB, DefaultValueByte)
def SetKeypadEnableCompareDefaultValueMcp23017(registerBaseAddress):
InterruptOnChangeDefaultValueLowNibble = 0x0f # GPB0~3 change from default value will cause interrupt
WriteDataByte(registerBaseAddress, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, CompareMode, PortB, InterruptOnChangeDefaultValueLowNibble)
def SetKeypadBankInterruptDriverModeMcp23017(registerBaseAddress):
# bit 7 = 0 (Bank = 0, reg with each port are in the same bank (addresses are sequential))
# bit 6 = 0 (No mirror, INTA and INTB independent)
# bit 5 = 1 (Sequential operation disabled)
# bit 4 = 1 (Slew rate disabled)
# bit 3 = 0 (Disable MCP23S17 address pins, Don't care for Mcp23017)
# bit 2 = 0 (Interrupt driver push pull, no open drain)
# bit 1 = 1 (Interrrupt active high)
# bit 0 = 0 (Unimplemented, read as 0)
# 0b00110010 = 0x32
Bank0DriverPushPullHighActive = 0x32
WriteDataByte(registerBaseAddress, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, BankInterruptPinMode, PortB, Bank0DriverPushPullHighActive)
def ClearKeypadInterruptMcp23017(registerBaseAddress):
WriteKeypadColumnsAllLowMcp23017(registerBaseAddress)
time.sleep(0.5)
dummyRead = ReadInterruptCaptureLowNibble(registerBaseAddress)
# * Write columns *
def WriteKeypadColumnsMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, columnDataByte):
WriteDataByte(registerBaseAddress, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, OutputLatch, PortA, columnDataByte)
def WriteKeypadColumnsAllLowMcp23017(registerBaseAddress):
WriteKeypadColumnsMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, AllLowByte)
# * Read rows *
def GetKeypadRowDataNibbleMcp23017(registerBaseAddress):
rowDataByte = ReadDataByte(registerBaseAddress, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, PortStatus, PortB)
rowDataNibble = rowDataByte & 0x0f
return rowDataNibble
# * Get Row Number, Column Number, and Key Number *
def GetKeypadRowNumberMcp23017(registerBaseAddress):
RowDataNibbleTuple = 0b1110, 0b1101, 0b1011, 0b0111, 0b1111, 0b0000
rowDataNibble = GetKeypadRowDataNibbleMcp23017(registerBaseAddress)
# *** Begin debugging *****************************************************
PrintFourBitPattern("Row pattern = ", rowDataNibble)
rowNumber = RowDataNibbleTuple.index(rowDataNibble)
print ("Row number = ", rowNumber)
# *** End debugging *******************************************************
rowNumber = RowDataNibbleTuple.index(rowDataNibble)
return rowNumber
def GetKeypadColumnNumberMcp23017(registerBaseAddress):
ColumnNibbleTuple = 0b1110, 0b1101, 0b1011
NoKeyPressNibble = 0b1111
for columnNibble in (ColumnNibbleTuple):
WriteKeypadColumnsMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, columnNibble)
rowDataNibble = GetKeypadRowDataNibbleMcp23017(registerBaseAddress)
if rowDataNibble != NoKeyPressNibble:
break
columnNumber = ColumnNibbleTuple.index(columnNibble)
return columnNumber
def GetKeypadKeyNumberMcp23017(registerBaseAddress):
rowNumber = GetKeypadRowNumberMcp23017(registerBaseAddress)
columnNumber = GetKeypadColumnNumberMcp23017(registerBaseAddress)
keyNumber = (rowNumber * 3) + (columnNumber + 1)
return keyNumber
# * Get keys *
def GetKeypadKeyMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, checkPressingKeyMode):
if (checkPressingKeyMode == NoPollJustGetKeyEverySecond):
print "Read key every second"
time.sleep(1)
LoopUntilOneSecondEnded()
elif (checkPressingKeyMode == PollRowStatusNibble):
print "Polling Gpio"
LoopUntilKeypadRowDataNibbleChangeMcp23017(registerBaseAddress)
elif (checkPressingKeyMode == PollMcp23017Interrupt):
print "Polling Mcp23017 interrupt INTB"
LoopUntilKeypadInterruptPinMcp23017Active(registerBaseAddress)
keyNumber = GetKeypadKeyNumberMcp23017(registerBaseAddress)
return keyNumber
def GetKeypadKeySequenceMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, checkPressingKeyMode, count):
for i in range (count):
OneBeep()
keyNumber = GetKeypadKeyMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, checkPressingKeyMode)
print "Key", i + 1, " = ", keyNumber
time.sleep(0.25)
# * No polling, just read key at the end of each second *
def LoopUntilOneSecondEnded():
time.sleep(1)
# * Poll row status *
def LoopUntilKeypadRowDataNibbleChangeMcp23017(registerBaseAddress):
WriteKeypadColumnsMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, AllLowByte)
NoKeyPressedNibble = 0xf
rowDataNibble = NoKeyPressedNibble
while (rowDataNibble == NoKeyPressedNibble):
rowDataNibble = GetKeypadRowDataNibbleMcp23017(registerBaseAddress)
time.sleep(0.05) # debouncing time 50mS
# * Poll Mcp23017 interrupt pin *
def LoopUntilKeypadInterruptPinMcp23017Active(registerBaseAddress):
# Mcp23017 INTB shifted up to 5V) logical level, then connected to Mcp23017 GPB5
KeypadInterruptPinNumber = 5
ClearKeypadInterruptMcp23017(registerBaseAddress)
interruptDataBit = High # !!! ULN2803 inverts Mcp23017 INTB, so interrupt is now Low active !!!
while (interruptDataBit == High):
interruptDataBit = ReadDataBit(registerBaseAddress, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, PortStatus, PortB, KeypadInterruptPinNumber)
time.sleep(0.1) # debouncing time
# * Test Mcp23017 Decimal keypad *
def TestKeypadMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, checkPressingKeyMode, keyCount):
SetupKeypadMcp017(registerBaseAddress)
GetKeypadKeySequenceMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, checkPressingKeyMode, keyCount)
SetupKeypadMcp017(registerBaseAddress)
#******************************************************************************
#******************************************************************************
#******************************************************************************
#******************************************************************************
#******************************************************************************
# * Decimal keypad using 2x Mcp23008 v4.19 2013feb17 *
RegisterBaseAddress1 = 0x21
RegisterBaseAddress1 = 0x22
# Mcp23008 #1 0x21 port = output, GP0~2 = Rows 0~2
# Mcp23008 #2 0x22 port = input, GP0~3 = Columns 0~3
KeypadInterruptPinMcp23008 = RPiGPIOgen6
# * Local constants *
OutputLatchRegisterResetValue = 0x00
PortStatusRegisterResetValue = 0x00
InterruptCaptureRegisterResetValue = 0x00
InterruptFlagRegisterResetValue = 0x00
# * Polling modes *
NoPollJustGetKeyEverySecond = 0
PollRowStatusNibble = 1
PollMcp23017Interrupt = 2
# * Setup keypad *
def SetupKeypadMcp23008(registerBaseAddress1, registerBaseAddress2):
SetupPortAllOutputMcp23008(registerBaseAddress1)
SetupPortAllInputMcp23008(registerBaseAddress2)
#SetupKeypadInterruptMcp23008(registerBaseAddress)
#ClearKeypadInterruptMcp23008(registerBaseAddress)
WriteKeypadColumnsAllLowMcp23008(registerBaseAddress1)
# * Setup/Clear/Check keypad interrupt *
#def SetupKeypadInterruptMcp23008(registerBaseAddress):
# SetKeypadInterruptEnableMcp23008(registerBaseAddress)
# SetKeypadDefaultValueMcp23008(registerBaseAddress)
# SetKeypadEnableCompareDefaultValueMcp23008(registerBaseAddress)
# SetKeypadBankInterruptDriverModeMcp23008(registerBaseAddress)
#def SetKeypadInterruptEnableMcp23008(registerBaseAddress):
# EnableInterruptLowNibble = 0x0f
# WriteDataByte(registerBaseAddress, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, InterruptEnable, PortB, EnableInterruptLowNibble)
#def SetKeypadInterruptDisableMcp23008(registerBaseAddress):
# DisableInterruptByte = 0x00
# WriteDataByte(registerBaseAddress, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, InterruptEnable, PortB, DisableInterruptByte)
#def SetKeypadDefaultValueMcp23008(registerBaseAddress):
# DefaultValueByte = 0x0f # row status nibble is all bits high if no key pressed
# WriteDataByte(registerBaseAddress, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, DefaultValue, PortB, DefaultValueByte)
#def SetKeypadEnableCompareDefaultValueMcp23008(registerBaseAddress):
# InterruptOnChangeDefaultValueLowNibble = 0x0f # GPB0~3 change from default value will cause interrupt
# WriteDataByte(registerBaseAddress, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, CompareMode, PortB, InterruptOnChangeDefaultValueLowNibble)
#def SetKeypadBankInterruptDriverModeMcp23008(registerBaseAddress):
# bit 7 = 0 (Bank = 0, reg with each port are in the same bank (addresses are sequential))
# bit 6 = 0 (No mirror, INTA and INTB independent)
# bit 5 = 1 (Sequential operation disabled)
# bit 4 = 1 (Slew rate disabled)
# bit 3 = 0 (Disable MCP23S17 address pins, Don't care for Mcp23017)
# bit 2 = 0 (Interrupt driver push pull, no open drain)
# bit 1 = 1 (Interrrupt active high)
# bit 0 = 0 (Unimplemented, read as 0)
# 0b00110010 = 0x32
# Bank0DriverPushPullHighActive = 0x32
# WriteDataByte(registerBaseAddress, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, BankInterruptPinMode, PortB, Bank0DriverPushPullHighActive)
#def ClearKeypadInterruptMcp23008(registerBaseAddress):
# WriteKeypadColumnsAllLowMcp23008(registerBaseAddress)
# time.sleep(0.5)
# dummyRead = ReadInterruptCaptureLowNibble(registerBaseAddress)
# * Write columns *
def WriteKeypadColumnsMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, columnDataByte):
WriteDataByteMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, OutputLatch, columnDataByte)
def WriteKeypadColumnsAllLowMcp23008(registerBaseAddress):
WriteKeypadColumnsMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, AllLowByte)
# * Read rows *
def GetKeypadRowDataNibbleMcp23008(registerBaseAddress):
rowDataByte = ReadDataByteMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, PortStatus)
rowDataNibble = rowDataByte & 0x0f
return rowDataNibble
# * Get Row Number, Column Number, and Key Number *
def GetKeypadRowNumberMcp23008(registerBaseAddress):
RowDataNibbleTuple = 0b1110, 0b1101, 0b1011, 0b0111, 0b1111, 0b0000
rowDataNibble = GetKeypadRowDataNibbleMcp23008(registerBaseAddress)
# *** Begin debugging *****************************************************
PrintFourBitPattern("Row pattern = ", rowDataNibble)
rowNumber = RowDataNibbleTuple.index(rowDataNibble)
print ("Row number = ", rowNumber)
# *** End debugging *******************************************************
rowNumber = RowDataNibbleTuple.index(rowDataNibble)
return rowNumber
def GetKeypadColumnNumberMcp23008(registerBaseAddress1, registerBaseAddress2):
ColumnNibbleTuple = 0b1110, 0b1101, 0b1011
NoKeyPressNibble = 0b1111
for columnNibble in (ColumnNibbleTuple):
WriteKeypadColumnsMcp23008(registerBaseAddress1, columnNibble)
rowDataNibble = GetKeypadRowDataNibbleMcp23008(registerBaseAddress2)
if rowDataNibble != NoKeyPressNibble:
break
columnNumber = ColumnNibbleTuple.index(columnNibble)
return columnNumber
def GetKeypadKeyNumberMcp23008(registerBaseAddress1, registerBaseAddress2):
rowNumber = GetKeypadRowNumberMcp23008(registerBaseAddress2)
columnNumber = GetKeypadColumnNumberMcp23008(registerBaseAddress1, registerBaseAddress2)
keyNumber = (rowNumber * 3) + (columnNumber + 1)
return keyNumber
# * Get keys *
def GetKeypadKeyMcp23008(registerBaseAddress1, registerBaseAddress2, checkPressingKeyMode):
if (checkPressingKeyMode == NoPollJustGetKeyEverySecond):
print "Read key every second"
time.sleep(1)
LoopUntilOneSecondEnded()
elif (checkPressingKeyMode == PollRowStatusNibble):
print "Polling Gpio"
LoopUntilKeypadRowDataNibbleChangeMcp23008(registerBaseAddress1, registerBaseAddress2)
elif (checkPressingKeyMode == PollMcp23017Interrupt):
print "Polling Mcp23017 interrupt INTB"
LoopUntilKeypadInterruptPinMcp23008Active(registerBaseAddress2)
keyNumber = GetKeypadKeyNumberMcp23008(registerBaseAddress1, registerBaseAddress2)
return keyNumber
def GetKeypadKeySequenceMcp23008(registerBaseAddress1, registerBaseAddress2, checkPressingKeyMode, count):
for i in range (count):
OneBeep()
keyNumber = GetKeypadKeyMcp23008(registerBaseAddress1, registerBaseAddress2, checkPressingKeyMode)
print "Key", i + 1, " = ", keyNumber
time.sleep(0.25)
# * No polling, just read key at the end of each second *
def LoopUntilOneSecondEnded():
time.sleep(1)
# * Poll row status *
def LoopUntilKeypadRowDataNibbleChangeMcp23008(registerBaseAddress1, registerBaseAddress2):
WriteKeypadColumnsMcp23008(registerBaseAddress1, AllLowByte)
NoKeyPressedNibble = 0xf
rowDataNibble = NoKeyPressedNibble
while (rowDataNibble == NoKeyPressedNibble):
rowDataNibble = GetKeypadRowDataNibbleMcp23008(registerBaseAddress2)
time.sleep(0.05) # debouncing time 50mS
# * Poll interrupt pin *
def LoopUntilKeypadInterruptPinMcp23008Active(registerBaseAddress):
# Mcp23017 INTB shifted up to 5V) logical level, then connected to Mcp23017 GPB5
KeypadInterruptPinNumber = 5
ClearKeypadInterrupt(registerBaseAddress)
interruptDataBit = High # !!! ULN2803 inverts Mcp23017 INTB, so interrupt is now Low active !!!
while (interruptDataBit == High):
interruptDataBit = ReadDataBit(registerBaseAddress, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, PortStatus, PortB, KeypadInterruptPinNumber)
time.sleep(0.1) # debouncing time
# * Test Decimal keypad Mcp23008 *
def TestKeypadMcp23008(registerBaseAddress1, registerBaseAddress2, checkPressingKeyMode, keyCount):
SetupKeypadMcp23008(registerBaseAddress1, registerBaseAddress2)
GetKeypadKeySequenceMcp23008(registerBaseAddress1, registerBaseAddress2, checkPressingKeyMode, keyCount)
SetupKeypadMcp23008(registerBaseAddress1, registerBaseAddress2)
# *****************************************************************************
# *****************************************************************************
# *****************************************************************************
# *****************************************************************************
# *****************************************************************************
# * LCD1602 *******************************************************************
LcdRegisterBaseAddress = Mcp23008BaseAddress3 # 0x26
# * LCD1602A-1 16-pin connector (Mcp23008 GPIO 6-pin connector) Pin numbering *
# Pin 04 (Pin 1) RegisterSelect
# Pin 06 (Pin 2) WriteEnable
# Pin 11 (Pin 3) DataBit4 = 2
# Pin 12 (Pin 4) DataBit5 = 3
# Pin 13 (Pin 5) DataBit6 = 4
# Pin 14 (Pin 6) DataBit7 = 5
# LCD1602 software initialization procedure
# Part 1 - Pseudo 8 bit instructions to config 4 bit instruction mode (0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x20)
# 1. Power on, wait 20mS (> 15mS)
# 2. Write 0x3, wait 5mS (> 4.1mS) # set 8 bit interface
# 3. Write 0x3, wait 1mS (> 100uS) # set 8 bit interface
# 4. Write 0x3, wait 1mS (> 37uS) # set 8 bit interface
# 5. Write 0x2, wait 1mS (> 37uS) # set 4 bit interface
# Part 2- 4 bit instructions to config display characteristics (0x28, 0x08, 0x01, 0x06, 0x02)
# 6. Write 0x2, wait 1mS (> 37uS) 0x8 wait 1mS (> 37uS) (2 lines, 5x8 dot)
# 7. Write 0x0, wait 1mS (> 37uS) 0x8 wait 1mS (> 37uS) (cursor on, no blinking, blank screen)
# 8. Write 0x0, wait 1mS (> 37uS) 0x1 wait 2mS (> 1.52mS)(clear display)
# 9. Write 0x0, wait 1mS (> 37uS) 0xe (DisplayOnCursorOnCursorBlinkOff)
# a. Write 0x0, wait 1mS (> 37uS) 0x2 wait 2mS (cursor home)
# * LCD1602A-1 16-pin connector pin numbering *
RegisterSelect = 0 # 0 = instruction register, 1 = data register
WriteEnable = 1 # 1 = enable, 0 = disable
DataBit4 = 2
DataBit5 = 3
DataBit6 = 4
DataBit7 = 5
# * Constant data bytes *
AllZeroDataByte = 0x00
AllOneDataByte = 0xff
# * Write Enable/Disable, Select Data/Instruction masks *
EnableWriteMask = 0x02 # 0b 0000 0010
DisableWriteMask = 0xfd # 0b 1111 1101
SelectDataRegisterMask = 0x01 # 0b 0000 0001
SelectInstructionRegisterMask = 0xfe # 0b 1111 1110
# Register selection constant *
InstructionRegister = 0
DataRegister = 1
# * LCD1602A-1 control instructions *
# * Instruction codes *
EightBitInstructionMode = 0x3
FourBitInstructionMode = 0x2
TwoLineFiveTimesEightDot1 = 0x2
TwoLineFiveTimesEightDot2 = 0x8
DisplayOnCursorOnCursorBlinkOff1 = 0x0
DisplayOnCursorOnCursorBlinkOff2 = 0xe
ClearDisplay1 = 0x0
ClearDisplay2 = 0x1
CursorIncrementDisplayNoShift1 = 0x0
CursorIncrementDisplayNoShift2 = 0x6
CursorHome1 = 0x0
CursorHome2 = 0x2
# * Instruction timing *
PowerOnResetDelay = 0.05 # 50mS
VeryLongOperationDelay = 0.005 # 5mS
LongOperationDelay = 0.002 # 2mS
ShortOperationDelay = 0.00005 # 50uS
WritePulseLength = 0.00005 # 50uS
# *****************************************************************************
# *****************************************************************************
# *****************************************************************************
# *****************************************************************************
# *****************************************************************************
# * LCD functions Mcp23008 v4.15 2013feb15 *
def LcdGpioSetupMcp23008(registerBaseAddress):
SetupPortAllOutputMcp23008(registerBaseAddress)
def LcdConfigurationMcp23008(registerBaseAddress):
dataControlByte = AllZeroDataByte
# PrintEightBitPattern("dataControlByte01 = ", dataControlByte)
LcdDisableWriteMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte)
time.sleep(PowerOnResetDelay)
dataControlByte = LcdWriteDataNibbleMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, EightBitInstructionMode, InstructionRegister, VeryLongOperationDelay)
# PrintEightBitPattern("dataControlByte02 = ", dataControlByte)
dataControlByte = LcdWriteDataNibbleMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, EightBitInstructionMode, InstructionRegister, LongOperationDelay)
# PrintEightBitPattern("dataControlByte03 = ", dataControlByte)
dataControlByte = LcdWriteDataNibbleMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, EightBitInstructionMode, InstructionRegister, LongOperationDelay)
# PrintEightBitPattern("dataControlByte04 = ", dataControlByte)
dataControlByte = LcdWriteDataNibbleMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, FourBitInstructionMode, InstructionRegister, LongOperationDelay)
# PrintEightBitPattern("dataControlByte05 = ", dataControlByte)
dataControlByte = LcdWriteDataNibbleMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, TwoLineFiveTimesEightDot1, InstructionRegister, LongOperationDelay)
# PrintEightBitPattern("dataControlByte06 = ", dataControlByte)
dataControlByte = LcdWriteDataNibbleMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, TwoLineFiveTimesEightDot2, InstructionRegister, LongOperationDelay)
# PrintEightBitPattern("dataControlByte07 = ", dataControlByte)
dataControlByte = LcdWriteDataNibbleMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, DisplayOnCursorOnCursorBlinkOff1, InstructionRegister, LongOperationDelay)
# PrintEightBitPattern("dataControlByte08 = ", dataControlByte)
dataControlByte = LcdWriteDataNibbleMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, DisplayOnCursorOnCursorBlinkOff2, InstructionRegister, LongOperationDelay)
# PrintEightBitPattern("dataControlByte09 = ", dataControlByte)
dataControlByte = LcdWriteDataNibbleMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, ClearDisplay1, InstructionRegister, LongOperationDelay)
# PrintEightBitPattern("dataControlByte10 = ", dataControlByte)
dataControlByte = LcdWriteDataNibbleMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, ClearDisplay2, InstructionRegister, LongOperationDelay)
# PrintEightBitPattern("dataControlByte11 = ", dataControlByte)
dataControlByte = LcdWriteDataNibbleMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, CursorIncrementDisplayNoShift1, InstructionRegister, LongOperationDelay)
# PrintEightBitPattern("dataControlByte12 = ", dataControlByte)
dataControlByte = LcdWriteDataNibbleMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, CursorIncrementDisplayNoShift2, InstructionRegister, LongOperationDelay)
# PrintEightBitPattern("dataControlByte13 = ", dataControlByte)
dataControlByte = LcdWriteDataNibbleMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, CursorHome1, InstructionRegister, LongOperationDelay)
# PrintEightBitPattern("dataControlByte14 = ", dataControlByte)
dataControlByte = LcdWriteDataNibbleMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, CursorHome2, InstructionRegister, LongOperationDelay)
# PrintEightBitPattern("dataControlByte15 = ", dataControlByte)
return dataControlByte
def LcdSelectDataRegisterMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataByte):
dataByte = dataByte | SelectDataRegisterMask
LcdWriteDataByteMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataByte)
return dataByte
def LcdSelectInstructionRegisterMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataByte):
dataByte = dataByte & SelectInstructionRegisterMask
LcdWriteDataByteMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataByte)
return dataByte
def LcdEnableWriteMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataByte):
dataByte = dataByte | EnableWriteMask
LcdWriteDataByteMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataByte)
return dataByte
def LcdDisableWriteMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataByte):
dataByte = dataByte & DisableWriteMask
LcdWriteDataByteMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataByte)
return dataByte
def LcdWritePulseMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataByte):
LcdEnableWriteMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataByte)
time.sleep(WritePulseLength)
LcdDisableWriteMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataByte)
return dataByte
def LcdWriteDataByteMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataByte):
WriteDataByteMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, OutputLatch, dataByte)
return dataByte
def LcdWriteDataNibbleMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataByte, dataNibble, registerType, operationDelay):
dataNibble = dataNibble << 2
dataByte = dataByte & 0b11000011
dataByte = dataByte | dataNibble
if (registerType == InstructionRegister):
dataByte = LcdSelectInstructionRegisterMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataByte)
elif (registerType == DataRegister):
dataByte = LcdSelectDataRegisterMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataByte)
LcdDisableWriteMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataByte)
dataByte = LcdWriteDataByteMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataByte)
LcdWritePulseMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataByte)
time.sleep(operationDelay)
return dataByte
def LcdWriteCharFourBitModeMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, asciiChar, registerType):
charUpperNibble = ord(asciiChar) >> 4
charLowerNibble = ord(asciiChar) & 0x0f
LcdWriteCharTwoNibblesMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, charUpperNibble, charLowerNibble, registerType)
return dataControlByte
def LcdWriteDataByteFourBitModeMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, dataByte, registerType):
upperNibble = dataByte >> 4
lowerNibble = dataByte & 0x0f
LcdWriteCharTwoNibblesMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, upperNibble, lowerNibble, registerType)
return dataControlByte
def LcdWriteCharTwoNibblesMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, upperNibble, lowerNibble, registerType):
dataControlByte = LcdWriteDataNibbleMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, upperNibble, registerType, ShortOperationDelay)
# PrintEightBitPattern("dataControlByte01 = ", dataControlByte)
dataControlByte = LcdWriteDataNibbleMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, lowerNibble, registerType, ShortOperationDelay)
# PrintEightBitPattern("dataControlByte02 = ", dataControlByte)
return dataControlByte
def LcdWriteCharStringMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, string):
for asciiChar in (string):
LcdWriteCharFourBitModeMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, asciiChar, DataRegister)
return dataControlByte
def LcdMoveCursorMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, rowNumber, columnNumber):
if (rowNumber == 1):
cursorByte = 0x80 | (0x00 + (columnNumber - 1)) # command = 0x80, row 1 DDRAM start address = 0x10
elif (rowNumber == 2):
cursorByte = 0x80 | (0x40 + (columnNumber - 1)) # row 2 DDRAM start address = 0x40
LcdWriteDataByteFourBitModeMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, cursorByte, InstructionRegister)
# charUpperNibble = cursorByte >> 4
# charLowerNibble = cursorByte & 0x0f
# dataControlByte = LcdWriteDataNibble(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, charUpperNibble, InstructionRegister, ShortOperationDelay)
# dataControlByte = LcdWriteDataNibble(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, charLowerNibble, InstructionRegister, ShortOperationDelay)
return dataControlByte
# * Test LCD1602 Mcp23008 *
def TestLcdMcp23008(registerBaseAddress):
LcdGpioSetupMcp23008(registerBaseAddress)
dataControlByte = LcdConfigurationMcp23008(registerBaseAddress)
dataControlByte = LcdMoveCursorMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, 1, 1)
dataControlByte = LcdWriteCharStringMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, ProgramTitle1)
dataControlByte = LcdMoveCursorMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, 2, 1)
dataControlByte = LcdWriteCharStringMcp23008(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, ProgramTitle2)
# *****************************************************************************
# *****************************************************************************
# *****************************************************************************
# *****************************************************************************
# *****************************************************************************
# * LCD functions Mcp23017 v4.15 2013feb15 *
def LcdGpioSetupMcp23017(registerBaseAddress):
registerBaseAddress = Mcp23017BaseAddressSystemB1
SetupPortAoutputPortBinputPullUpMcp23017(registerBaseAddress)
def LcdConfigurationMcp23017(registerBaseAddress):
dataControlByte = AllZeroDataByte
# PrintEightBitPattern("dataControlByte01 = ", dataControlByte)
LcdDisableWriteMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte)
time.sleep(PowerOnResetDelay)
dataControlByte = LcdWriteDataNibbleMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, EightBitInstructionMode, InstructionRegister, VeryLongOperationDelay)
# PrintEightBitPattern("dataControlByte02 = ", dataControlByte)
dataControlByte = LcdWriteDataNibbleMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, EightBitInstructionMode, InstructionRegister, LongOperationDelay)
# PrintEightBitPattern("dataControlByte03 = ", dataControlByte)
dataControlByte = LcdWriteDataNibbleMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, EightBitInstructionMode, InstructionRegister, LongOperationDelay)
# PrintEightBitPattern("dataControlByte04 = ", dataControlByte)
dataControlByte = LcdWriteDataNibbleMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, FourBitInstructionMode, InstructionRegister, LongOperationDelay)
# PrintEightBitPattern("dataControlByte05 = ", dataControlByte)
dataControlByte = LcdWriteDataNibbleMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, TwoLineFiveTimesEightDot1, InstructionRegister, LongOperationDelay)
# PrintEightBitPattern("dataControlByte06 = ", dataControlByte)
dataControlByte = LcdWriteDataNibbleMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, TwoLineFiveTimesEightDot2, InstructionRegister, LongOperationDelay)
# PrintEightBitPattern("dataControlByte07 = ", dataControlByte)
dataControlByte = LcdWriteDataNibbleMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, DisplayOnCursorOnCursorBlinkOff1, InstructionRegister, LongOperationDelay)
# PrintEightBitPattern("dataControlByte08 = ", dataControlByte)
dataControlByte = LcdWriteDataNibbleMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, DisplayOnCursorOnCursorBlinkOff2, InstructionRegister, LongOperationDelay)
# PrintEightBitPattern("dataControlByte09 = ", dataControlByte)
dataControlByte = LcdWriteDataNibbleMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, ClearDisplay1, InstructionRegister, LongOperationDelay)
# PrintEightBitPattern("dataControlByte10 = ", dataControlByte)
dataControlByte = LcdWriteDataNibbleMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, ClearDisplay2, InstructionRegister, LongOperationDelay)
# PrintEightBitPattern("dataControlByte11 = ", dataControlByte)
dataControlByte = LcdWriteDataNibbleMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, CursorIncrementDisplayNoShift1, InstructionRegister, LongOperationDelay)
# PrintEightBitPattern("dataControlByte12 = ", dataControlByte)
dataControlByte = LcdWriteDataNibbleMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, CursorIncrementDisplayNoShift2, InstructionRegister, LongOperationDelay)
# PrintEightBitPattern("dataControlByte13 = ", dataControlByte)
dataControlByte = LcdWriteDataNibbleMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, CursorHome1, InstructionRegister, LongOperationDelay)
# PrintEightBitPattern("dataControlByte14 = ", dataControlByte)
dataControlByte = LcdWriteDataNibbleMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, CursorHome2, InstructionRegister, LongOperationDelay)
# PrintEightBitPattern("dataControlByte15 = ", dataControlByte)
return dataControlByte
def LcdSelectDataRegisterMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataByte):
dataByte = dataByte | SelectDataRegisterMask
LcdWriteDataByteMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataByte)
return dataByte
def LcdSelectInstructionRegisterMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataByte):
dataByte = dataByte & SelectInstructionRegisterMask
LcdWriteDataByteMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataByte)
return dataByte
def LcdEnableWriteMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataByte):
dataByte = dataByte | EnableWriteMask
LcdWriteDataByteMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataByte)
return dataByte
def LcdDisableWriteMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataByte):
dataByte = dataByte & DisableWriteMask
LcdWriteDataByteMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataByte)
return dataByte
def LcdWritePulseMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataByte):
LcdEnableWriteMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataByte)
time.sleep(WritePulseLength)
LcdDisableWriteMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataByte)
return dataByte
def LcdWriteDataByteMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataByte):
WriteDataByte(registerBaseAddress, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, OutputLatch, PortA, dataByte)
return dataByte
def LcdWriteDataNibbleMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataByte, dataNibble, registerType, operationDelay):
dataNibble = dataNibble << 2
dataByte = dataByte & 0b11000011
dataByte = dataByte | dataNibble
if (registerType == InstructionRegister):
dataByte = LcdSelectInstructionRegisterMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataByte)
elif (registerType == DataRegister):
dataByte = LcdSelectDataRegisterMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataByte)
LcdDisableWriteMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataByte)
dataByte = LcdWriteDataByteMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataByte)
LcdWritePulseMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataByte)
time.sleep(operationDelay)
return dataByte
def LcdWriteCharFourBitModeMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, asciiChar, registerType):
charUpperNibble = ord(asciiChar) >> 4
charLowerNibble = ord(asciiChar) & 0x0f
LcdWriteCharTwoNibblesMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, charUpperNibble, charLowerNibble, registerType)
return dataControlByte
def LcdWriteDataByteFourBitModeMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, dataByte, registerType):
upperNibble = dataByte >> 4
lowerNibble = dataByte & 0x0f
LcdWriteCharTwoNibblesMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, upperNibble, lowerNibble, registerType)
return dataControlByte
def LcdWriteCharTwoNibblesMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, upperNibble, lowerNibble, registerType):
dataControlByte = LcdWriteDataNibbleMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, upperNibble, registerType, ShortOperationDelay)
# PrintEightBitPattern("dataControlByte01 = ", dataControlByte)
dataControlByte = LcdWriteDataNibbleMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, lowerNibble, registerType, ShortOperationDelay)
# PrintEightBitPattern("dataControlByte02 = ", dataControlByte)
return dataControlByte
def LcdWriteCharStringMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, string):
for asciiChar in (string):
LcdWriteCharFourBitModeMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, asciiChar, DataRegister)
return dataControlByte
def LcdMoveCursorMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, rowNumber, columnNumber):
if (rowNumber == 1):
cursorByte = 0x80 | (0x00 + (columnNumber - 1)) # command = 0x80, row 1 DDRAM start address = 0x10
elif (rowNumber == 2):
cursorByte = 0x80 | (0x40 + (columnNumber - 1)) # row 2 DDRAM start address = 0x40
LcdWriteDataByteFourBitModeMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, cursorByte, InstructionRegister)
# charUpperNibble = cursorByte >> 4
# charLowerNibble = cursorByte & 0x0f
# dataControlByte = LcdWriteDataNibbleMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, charUpperNibble, InstructionRegister, ShortOperationDelay)
# dataControlByte = LcdWriteDataNibbleMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, charLowerNibble, InstructionRegister, ShortOperationDelay)
return dataControlByte
# * Test LCD1602 functions *
def TestLcdMcp23017(registerBaseAddress):
LcdGpioSetupMcp23017(registerBaseAddress)
dataControlByte = LcdConfigurationMcp23017(registerBaseAddress)
dataControlByte = LcdMoveCursorMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, 1, 1)
dataControlByte = LcdWriteCharStringMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, ProgramTitle1)
dataControlByte = LcdMoveCursorMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, 2, 1)
dataControlByte = LcdWriteCharStringMcp23017(registerBaseAddress, dataControlByte, ProgramTitle2)
# *****************************************************************************
# *****************************************************************************
# *****************************************************************************
# *****************************************************************************
# *****************************************************************************
# 8. Unipolar Stepping Motor 28BYJ48/NPM-PF35/PX245 ***************************
# Unipolar Stepping Motor Switching Sequence
# 1. Wave sequence = 1 - 3 - 2 - 4 (A-, B-, A+, B+)
# 2. Full step sequence = 13 - 14 - 24 - 23 (A-B-, A-B+, A+B+, A+B-)
# 3. Half step sequence = 13 - 1 - 14 - 4 - 24 - 2 - 23 - 3
# 4. One step swing = 1 - 3 - 1 - 3 (A-, B-, A-, B-)
# Winding A-(1) A+(2) B-(3) B+(4) COM
# NPM PF35 Black Yellow Brown Orange Red
# 28BYJ48 Pink Orange Blue Yellow Red
# PX245 Black Green Blue Red Yelow/White
# * Convert decimal pin number to hex *
def convert1PinToHex(p): # convert 1 of 8 high pin to hex
hexString = 0x01
for count in range(p-1):
hexString = hexString << 1
return hexString
def convert2PinToHex(p1, p2): # convert 2 of 8 high pins to hex
return (convert1PinToHex(p1) | convert1PinToHex(p2))
def convert2PinToHighNibble(p1, p2): # convert 2 of 8 high pins to high nibble
lowNibble = convert1PinToHex(p1) | convert1PinToHex(p2)
highNibble = lowNibble << 4
return highNibble
# * Move unipolar stepping motor *
def WriteMotorWindingWaveSequence1324(RegisterBaseAddress, NibbleType, StepCount, StepTime): # move motor using 13-24 sequence
# Set port all output
WriteDataByte(Mcp23008BaseAddress1, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, InputOutputDirection, PortA, AllOutputByte)
if NibbleType == LowNibble:
hexString1 = convert2PinToHex(1, 3)
hexString2 = convert2PinToHex(2, 4)
else:
hexString1 = convert2PinToHighNibble(1, 3)
hexString2 = convert2PinToHighNibble(2, 4)
for i in range(StepCount):
WriteDataByte(Mcp23008BaseAddress1, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, OutputLatch, PortA, hexString1)
time.sleep(StepTime)
WriteDataByte(Mcp23008BaseAddress1, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, OutputLatch, PortA, hexString2)
time.sleep(StepTime)
def WriteMotorWindingFullStepSequence13232414(RegisterBaseAddress, NibbleType, StepCount, StepTime): #move motor using 13-23-24-14 sequence
# Set port all output
WriteDataByte(Mcp23008BaseAddress1, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, InputOutputDirection, PortA, AllOutputByte)
if NibbleType == LowNibble:
motorWindingActivationPatternArray = (0x05, 0x06, 0x0a, 0x09)
else:
motorWindingActivationPatternArray = (0x50, 0x60, 0xa0, 0x90)
for i in range(StepCount):
for pattern in motorWindingActivationPatternArray:
WriteDataByte(Mcp23008BaseAddress1, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, OutputLatch, PortA, pattern)
time.sleep(StepTime)
def TestConvert1PinToHex(): # test convert 1 high pin to hex
print "*** Testing 1 pin number decimal 0 ~ 7 converted to hexdecimal 0x01 ~ 0x80"
for d in range(8):
print hex(convert1PinToHex(d))
def TestConvert2PinToHex(p1, p2): # test convert 2 high pins to hex
print "*** Testing 2 pin numbers decimal 0 ~ 7 converted to hexdecimal"
print "Pin 1 = ", p1, "Pin 2 = ", p2
print "Hex = ", hex(convert2PinToHex(p1, p2))
def TestConvert2PinToHighNibble(p1, p2): # test convert 2 of 8 high pins to high nibble
print "*** Testing 2 pin numbers decimal 0 ~ 7 converted to high nibble"
print "Pin 1 = ", p1, "Pin 2 = ", p2
print "HighNibble = ", hex(convert2PinToHighNibble(p1, p2))
def MoveTwoMotors(RegisterBaseAddress):
OneBeep()
WriteMotorWindingWaveSequence1324(Mcp23008BaseAddress1, LowNibble, TwentyTimes, FiftyMilliSeconds)
OneBeep()
WriteMotorWindingWaveSequence1324(Mcp23008BaseAddress1, HighNibble, TwentyTimes, FiftyMilliSeconds)
OneBeep()
WriteMotorWindingFullStepSequence13232414(Mcp23008BaseAddress1, LowNibble, TwentyTimes, OneHundredMilliSeconds)
OneBeep()
WriteMotorWindingFullStepSequence13232414(Mcp23008BaseAddress1, HighNibble, TwentyTimes, OneHundredMilliSeconds)
def TestMotor():
MotorRegisterBaseAddress = Mcp23008BaseAddress1
MoveTwoMotors(MotorRegisterBaseAddress)
def MoveUnipolarSteppingMotor(registerBaseAddress, NibbleType, StepCount, StepTime):
SetupPortAoutputPortBinputPullUpMcp23017(registerBaseAddress)
if NibbleType == LowNibble:
hexString1 = convert2PinToHex(1, 3)
hexString2 = convert2PinToHex(2, 4)
else:
hexString1 = convert2PinToHighNibble(1, 3)
hexString2 = convert2PinToHighNibble(2, 4)
for i in range(StepCount):
WriteDataByte(registerBaseAddress, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, OutputLatch, PortA, hexString1)
time.sleep(StepTime)
WriteDataByte(registerBaseAddress, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, OutputLatch, PortA, hexString2)
time.sleep(StepTime)
def TestMoveMotor():
registerBaseAddress = Mcp23017BaseAddressSystemB1
nibbleType = LowNibble
stepCount = OneHundredTimes
stepTime = OneHundredMilliSeconds
MoveUnipolarSteppingMotor(registerBaseAddress, nibbleType, 500, 0.05)
# * Demultiplexer *************************************************************
DemuxRegisterBaseAddress = 0x20
def DemuxGpioSetup(registerBaseAddress):
UpperNibbleInputLowerNibbleOutput = 0xf0 # Input (GP4~7, Row0~3), Output (GP0~3, Column0~2, 3 reserved)
WriteDataByte(registerBaseAddress, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, InputOutputDirection, PortA, UpperNibbleInputLowerNibbleOutput)
InitialControlDateByte = 0x00
return InitialControlDateByte
def DemuxAddressLatch(controlDataByte, latchAction):
DemuxAddressLatchMask = 0b00001000
Enable = 1
Disable = 0
if (latchAction == Enable):
controlDataByte = controlDataByte | DemuxAddressLatchMask
elif (latchAction == Disable):
controlDataByte = controlDataByte & ~(DemuxAddressLatchMask)
return controlDataByte
def SetDemuxChannel(registerBaseAddress, controlDataByte, addressNibble):
Enable = 1
Disable = 0
controlDataByte = controlDataByte & 0b11110000
addressNibble = addressNibble & 0b00000111
controlDataByte = controlDataByte | addressNibble
controlDataByte = DemuxAddressLatch(controlDataByte, Disable)
PrintEightBitPattern("demuxDataByte = ", controlDataByte)
WriteDataByte(registerBaseAddress, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, OutputLatch, PortA, controlDataByte)
controlDataByte = DemuxAddressLatch(controlDataByte, Enable)
PrintEightBitPattern("demuxDataByte = ", controlDataByte)
WriteDataByte(registerBaseAddress, RegisterAddressOffsetArrayBank0, OutputLatch, PortA, controlDataByte)
return controlDataByte
def TestDemux(demuxRegisterBaseAddress, channelNumber):
controlDataByte = DemuxGpioSetup(demuxRegisterBaseAddress)
controlDataByte = SetDemuxChannel(demuxRegisterBaseAddress, controlDataByte, channelNumber)
def TestDemuxLcd(demuxRegisterBaseAddress, lcdRegisterBaseAddress, channelNumber1, channelNumber2):
Row1 = 1
Row2 = 2
Row3 = 3
Row4 = 4
Column1 = 1
# Setup one Mcp23008 for Demultiplexor, another Mcp23008 for LCD1602/LCD2004
controlDataByte = DemuxGpioSetup(demuxRegisterBaseAddress)
LcdGpioSetup(lcdRegisterBaseAddress)
# Select demux channelNumber1
controlDataByte = SetDemuxChannel(demuxRegisterBaseAddress, controlDataByte, channelNumber1)
# Display two lines in the LCD at this channel
dataControlByte = LcdConfiguration(lcdRegisterBaseAddress)
dataControlByte = LcdMoveCursor(lcdRegisterBaseAddress, dataControlByte, Row1, Column1)
dataControlByte = LcdWriteCharString(lcdRegisterBaseAddress, dataControlByte, "Channel 1 01")
dataControlByte = LcdMoveCursor(lcdRegisterBaseAddress, dataControlByte, Row2, Column1)
dataControlByte = LcdWriteCharString(lcdRegisterBaseAddress, dataControlByte, "2013-01-28 v201")
time.sleep(2)
# Select demux channelNumber2
controlDataByte = SetDemuxChannel(demuxRegisterBaseAddress, controlDataByte, channelNumber2)
# Display two lines in the LCD at this channel
dataControlByte = LcdConfiguration(lcdRegisterBaseAddress)
dataControlByte = LcdMoveCursor(lcdRegisterBaseAddress, dataControlByte, Row1, Column1)
dataControlByte = LcdWriteCharString(lcdRegisterBaseAddress, dataControlByte, "Channel 2 01")
dataControlByte = LcdMoveCursor(lcdRegisterBaseAddress, dataControlByte, Row2, Column1)
dataControlByte = LcdWriteCharString(lcdRegisterBaseAddress, dataControlByte, "2013-01-30 v204")
time.sleep(2)
# *****************************************************************************
# *****************************************************************************
# *****************************************************************************
# *****************************************************************************
# *****************************************************************************
# * SPI using bit banging *
# SpiClockPin = RPiGpioGen11
# SpiMosiPin = RPiGpioGen10
# SpiMisoPin = RPiGpioGen9
# SpiSelect0Pin = RPiGpioGen8
# SpiSelect1Pin = RPiGpioGen7
def TestRfm12b(registerBaseAddress):
SetupGPIOpins(OutputPinList, InputPinWithNoPullUpList, InputPinWithPullUpList )
def SpiSelectDevice(deviceNumber):
if (deviceNumber == 0):
writeOutputPin(SpiSelect0Pin, Low)
else:
writeOutputPin(SpiSelect1Pin, Low)
def SpiDisSelectDevice(deviceNumber):
if (deviceNumber == 0):
writeOutputPin(SpiSelect0Pin, High)
else:
writeOutputPin(SpiSelect1Pin, High)
def SpiClockPulse():
writeOutputPin(SpiClockPin, High)
time.sleep(1)
writeOutputPin(SpiClockPin, Low)
time.sleep(1)
def SpiWriteBit(dataBit):
if (dataBit == 1):
writeOutputPin(SpiMosiPin, High)
else:
writeOutputPin(SpiMosiPin, Low)
def SpiReadBit(inputPin):
dataBit = readInputPin(inputPin)
# print dataBit
return dataBit
# * Test Spi functions *
def TestSpiSelectDevice(deviceNumber, count):
print "Now testing SPI device select pin", deviceNumber, ",..."
for i in range (count):
SpiSelectDevice(deviceNumber)
time.sleep(1)
SpiDisSelectDevice(deviceNumber)
time.sleep(1)
def TestSpiClockPulse(count):
for i in range (count):
SpiClockPulse()
def TestSpiWriteBit(count):
for i in range (count):
SpiWriteBit(1)
time.sleep(1)
SpiWriteBit(0)
time.sleep(1)
def TestSpiReadBit(inputPin, count):
for i in range (count):
dataBit = SpiReadBit(inputPin)
if (dataBit == True):
dataLevel = "High"
else:
dataLevel = "Low"
print "dataBitRead at pin number ", inputPin, " = ", dataLevel
time.sleep(1)
# *****************************************************************************
# *****************************************************************************
# *****************************************************************************
# *****************************************************************************
# *****************************************************************************
# * SPI using wiringPi with Python wrapping 2013feb22 *
def TestWiringPiSpi():
print "\n" + "*** Start testing wiringPi SPI, ... ***" + "\n"
spi = spidev.SpiDev() # create spidev object
spi.open(0,0) # open SPI0, CE0_N
SendByteList = [0x55, 0xaa, 0xAA]
ReadByteList = spi.xfer2(SendByteList)
print "Bytes read = " + hex(ReadByteList[0]) + " " + hex(ReadByteList[1]) + " " + hex(ReadByteList[2])
print "\n" + "*** Stop testing wiringPi SPI, ... ***" + "\n"
# *****************************************************************************
# *****************************************************************************
# *****************************************************************************
# *****************************************************************************
# *****************************************************************************
# * RFM12b 434Mhz Wireless Transceiver testing v1.0 tlfong01 2013feb23 *
# * Arduino C++ functions *
# define wkupOn 0x820E // turn on wake up timer (also xtl, lvd)
# define wkupOff 0x820C // turn off wake up timer (xtl, lvd still on)
# define wkup2ms 0XE002 // wake up every 2mS
# define config01 0x80D7
# define power01 0x8239
# define freq01 0xA640
# define drate01 0xC647
# define rxctrl01 0x94A0
# define fifors01 0xCA81
# define syncpt01 0xCED4
# define afc01 0xC483
# define txctrl01 0x9850
# define pll01 0xCC77
# define wkup01 0xE000
# define ldc01 0xC800
# define lbdclk01 0xC400
# define lvdOn 0x820C // turn on low voltage detection (also xtal, mcu clk)
# define lvd27 0xC064 // set low voltage threshold 2.7V (2.2 + 0.1 * 4) 2MHz,
# define status 0x0000 // read status to execute command and clear interrupt
#void RFM12B01::setupRfm12b()
# {
# putWord(0x80D7); //enable tx, rx fifo, 433MHz, 12.0pF
# // putWord(0x8239); //enable xmitt, syn, xtal, disable clk
# putWord(0xA640); //operation frequency ???
# putWord(0xC647); //data rate 4.8kbps
# putWord(0x94A0); //VDI,FAST,134kHz,0dBm,-103dBm
# putWord(0xC2AC); //clk rec auto, digi fltr,DQD4
# putWord(0xCA81); //fifo8,sync 1, sync, no fifo fill
# putWord(0xCED4); //sync pattern d4
# putWord(0xC483); //offset VDI hi, no restrict, afc, afc out
# putWord(0x9850); //90kHz, max o/p pwr (odBm)
# putWord(0xCC17); //10MHz, 620uA, disable pll dit, 256kbps
# putWord(0xE000); //wake up timer not used
# putWord(0xC800); //low duty cycle not used
# putWord(0xC040); //1.66MHz,2.2V low battery
# }
#void RFM12B01::testSetupClock2Mhz()
# {
# putWord(0xC064);
# }
def PrintDoubleSpaceLine(line):
print "\n" + line + "\n"
def WaitSeconds(count):
time.sleep(count)
# * Rfm12b 2 byte commands *
SetExternalMpuClockFrequency1Mhz = [0xc0, 0x04] # 1 MHz, 2.7V (2.2 + 0.1 * 4)
SetExternalMpuClockFrequency2Mhz = [0xc0, 0x64] # 2 MHz, 2.7V (2.2 + 0.1 * 4)
SetExternalMpuClockFrequency5Mhz = [0xc0, 0xc4] # 5 MHz, 2.7V (2.2 + 0.1 * 4)
SetExternalMpuClockFrequency10Mhz = [0xc0, 0xe4] # 10 MHz, 2.7V (2.2 + 0.1 * 4)
def TestRfm12bSet2Mhz():
PrintDoubleSpaceLine("*** Start testing RFM12B 2 MHz ***")
rfm12bSpi = spidev.SpiDev() # create spi object to entertain RFM12B
rfm12bSpi.open(0,0) # open sci channel 0 and select slave device 0
ExternalMpuClockFrequency2Mhz = [0xC0, 0x64]
receiveByteList = rfm12bSpi.xfer2(ExternalMpuClockFrequency2Mhz)
print "Bytes read = " + hex(receiveByteList[0]) + " " + hex(receiveByteList[1])
PrintDoubleSpaceLine("*** Stop testing RFM12B ***")
def TestRfm12bSet1Mhz():
PrintDoubleSpaceLine("*** Start testing RFM12B 1 MHz ***")
rfm12bSpi = spidev.SpiDev() # create spi object to entertain RFM12B
rfm12bSpi.open(0,0) # open sci channel 0 and select slave device 0
ExternalMpuClockFrequency2Mhz = [0xc0, 0x04]
receiveByteList = rfm12bSpi.xfer2(ExternalMpuClockFrequency2Mhz)
print "Bytes read = " + hex(receiveByteList[0]) + " " + hex(receiveByteList[1])
PrintDoubleSpaceLine("*** Stop testing RFM12B ***")
def OpenSpiChannel(spiObject, spiChannelNumber, spiDeviceNumber):
spiObject.open(spiChannelNumber, spiDeviceNumber)
def Rfm12bSendCommand1(spiChannelNumber, spiDeviceNumber, sendByteList):
rfm12bSpi = spidev.SpiDev()
rfm12bSpi.open(spiChannelNumber, spiDeviceNumber)
receiveByteList = rfm12bSpi.xfer2(sendByteList)
def Rfm12bSendCommand2(rfm12bSpi, sendByteList):
receiveByteList = rfm12bSpi.xfer2(sendByteList)
def Rfm12bTest1(spiChannelNumber, spiDeviceNumber):
PrintDoubleSpaceLine("*** Start Test 1 ***")
rfm12bSpi = spidev.SpiDev() # create spi object to entertain RFM12B
rfm12bSpi.open(0,0) # open sci channel 0 and select slave device 0
Rfm12bSendCommand1(spiChannelNumber, spiDeviceNumber, SetExternalMpuClockFrequency2Mhz)
WaitSeconds(2)
Rfm12bSendCommand1(spiChannelNumber, spiDeviceNumber, SetExternalMpuClockFrequency5Mhz)
WaitSeconds(2)
Rfm12bSendCommand1(spiChannelNumber, spiDeviceNumber, SetExternalMpuClockFrequency10Mhz)
WaitSeconds(2)
Rfm12bSendCommand1(spiChannelNumber, spiDeviceNumber, SetExternalMpuClockFrequency1Mhz)
WaitSeconds(2)
PrintDoubleSpaceLine("*** Stop Test 1 ***")
def Rfm12bTest2(spiChannelNumber, spiDeviceNumber):
PrintDoubleSpaceLine("*** Start Test 2 ***")
rfm12bSpi = spidev.SpiDev()
OpenSpiChannel(rfm12bSpi, spiChannelNumber, spiDeviceNumber)
Rfm12bSendCommand2(rfm12bSpi, SetExternalMpuClockFrequency2Mhz)
WaitSeconds(2)
Rfm12bSendCommand2(rfm12bSpi, SetExternalMpuClockFrequency5Mhz)
WaitSeconds(2)
Rfm12bSendCommand2(rfm12bSpi, SetExternalMpuClockFrequency10Mhz)
WaitSeconds(2)
Rfm12bSendCommand2(rfm12bSpi, SetExternalMpuClockFrequency1Mhz)
WaitSeconds(2)
PrintDoubleSpaceLine("*** Stop Test 2 ***")
# 12. Old test functions *****************************************************
# * Old tests *
# RPi System A Tests *
# TestBuzzer() # beep buzzer 4 times
# TestLED() # blink LED 4 tmes
# TestButtonEchoBuzzer() # echo buton with buzzer 4 times
# TestButtonEchoLED() # echo button with LED 4 times
# TestToggleMcp23017GP() # toggle Mcp23017 #1 output ports (connected to only 1 LED)
# TestToggleMcp23008GP() # toggle Mcp23008 #1 output port (connected to stepping motors)
# TestMotor() # move two stepping motors
# TestPollingKeypad() # read 4 keys by polling IO Expander GPIO port of rows (Mcp23008 #2)
# TestInterruptKeypad() # read 4 keys by polling IO Expander INT pin # !!! not tested !!!
# TestLcd(LcdRegisterBaseAddress)
# TestDemux(DemuxRegisterBaseAddress, 4)
# TestDemuxLcd(DemuxRegisterBaseAddress, LcdRegisterBaseAddress, channelNumber1 = 0, channelNumber2 = 1)
# RPi System B Tests *
# TestBuzzer() # beep buzzer 4 times
# TestLED() # blink LED 4 tmes
# TestButtonEchoBuzzer() # echo buton with buzzer 4 times
# TestButtonEchoLED() # echo button with LED 4 times
# TestToggleMcp23017SystemB1() # toggle Mcp23017 System B1
# TestReadMcp23017SystemB1()
# * Rpi Mcp23017 tests *
# TestButtonEchoBuzzer()
# TestTxDpin()
# TestRxDpin() # if set as output
# TestTxDpin()
# TestTxDpinRxDpin1()
# TestTxDpinRxDpin2()
# TestButtonEchoTxD()
# TestButtonEchoRxD()
# TestRxdEchoTxD() !!! not working !!!
# TestToggleMcp23017SystemB1(count = 4)
# TestReadMcp23017SystemB1(count = 4)
# TestKeypad017(checkPressingKeyMode = NoPollJustGetKeyEverySecond, keyCount = 4)
# TestKeypad017(checkPressingKeyMode = PollMcp23017Interrupt, keyCount = 4)
# TestKeypad017(checkPressingKeyMode = PollRowStatusNibble, keyCount = 4)
#TestLED() # blink LED 4 tmes
#TestBuzzer() # beep buzzer 4 times
#TestButtonEchoBuzzer() # echo buton with buzzer 4 times
#TestButtonEchoLED() # echo button with LED 4 times
#TestToggleMcp23017SystemB1(count = 4)
#TestBlinkMcp23017SystemB1GPIObit(bitNumber = 3, onTime = 0.1, offTime = 0.3, count = 4)
#TestReadMcp23017SystemB1GPIObit(bitNumber = 4, count = 10)
#TestKeypad017(checkPressingKeyMode = PollRowStatusNibble, keyCount = 20)
#TestKeypad017(checkPressingKeyMode = PollMcp23017Interrupt, keyCount = 20)
#TestKeypad017(checkPressingKeyMode = PollRowStatusNibble, keyCount = 4)
#TestToggleMcp23017SystemB1(count = 4)
#TestBlinkMcp23017SystemB1GPIObit(bitNumber = 3, onTime = 0.1, offTime = 0.3, count = 4)
#TestMoveMotor()
#TestLcd(Mcp23017BaseAddressSystemB1)
#ToggleGpMcp23008(registerBaseAddress = 0x21, toggleTime = 0.25, toggleCount = 4)
#ReadGpMcp23008(registerBaseAddress = 0x22, count = 100)
#TestKeypadMcp23017(registerBaseAddress = 0x20, checkPressingKeyMode = NoPollJustGetKeyEverySecond, keyCount = 4)
#TestKeypadMcp23017(registerBaseAddress = 0x20, checkPressingKeyMode = PollRowStatusNibble, keyCount = 4)
#TestKeypadMcp23017(registerBaseAddress = 0x20, checkPressingKeyMode = PollMcp23017Interrupt, keyCount = 4)
#TestKeypadMcp23008(registerBaseAddress1 = 0x21, registerBaseAddress2 = 0x22, checkPressingKeyMode = NoPollJustGetKeyEverySecond, keyCount = 4)
#TestKeypadMcp23008(registerBaseAddress1 = 0x21, registerBaseAddress2 = 0x22, checkPressingKeyMode = PollRowStatusNibble, keyCount = 4)
#TestSpiSelectDevice(deviceNumber = 0, count = 4)
#TestSpiSelectDevice(deviceNumber = 1, count = 4)
#TestSpiClockPulse(count = 10)
#TestSpiWriteBit(count = 100)
#TestSpiClockPulse(count = 10)
#TestSpiWriteBit(count = 10)
#TestSpiSelectDevice(deviceNumber = 0, count = 10)
#TestSpiSelectDevice(deviceNumber = 1, count = 4)
#TestSpiReadBit(ButtonPin, count = 10) *** OK ***
#TestSpiReadBit(SpiMisoPin, count = 10) !!! Not working !!!
#TestSpiReadBit(RxDpin, count = 10) !!! Not working !!!
#TestSpiReadBit(ButtonPin, count = 4) # *** OK ***
#TestSpiReadBit(SpiMisoPin, count = 4) # !!! Not working !!!
#TestSpiReadBit(RxDpin, count = 4) # !!! Not working !!
# 13. Main program ************************************************************
StartProgram()
TestLcdMcp23017(registerBaseAddress = 0x20)
TestLcdMcp23008(registerBaseAddress = 0x21)
PrintDoubleSpaceLine("*** Start Test x ***")
TestRfm12bSet2Mhz()
WaitSeconds(2)
TestRfm12bSet1Mhz()
WaitSeconds(2)
PrintDoubleSpaceLine("*** Stop Test x ***")
Rfm12bTest2(spiChannelNumber = 0, spiDeviceNumber = 0)
Rfm12bTest1(spiChannelNumber = 0, spiDeviceNumber = 0)
StopProgram()
# *****************************************************************************
# End of Program
# *****************************************************************************
.END
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